| Type: | Conserved_site | Name: | Interleukin-10, conserved site |
| Description: | Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a secreted 17-21kDa protein that is non- glycosylated in humans but exists as a non-covalent homodimer. IL-10 issecreted by some types of T-lymphocyte, B-lymphocytes and macrophages late after antigen activation. Generally, IL-10 inhibits T-cell and natural killer cell synthesis of other cytokines at the transcriptional level, indirectly, by affecting macrophages. These cytokines include interferon-gamma, IL-2, IL-3, tumour necrosis factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF). The mechanism of IL-10 induced inhibition appears to involve a reduction in the abundance of the macrophage surface molecules that directlystimulate T-cells and natural killer cells. Proteins encoded by viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus and equine herpes virus show a high degree of sequence identity to IL-10. These proteins are thought to be involved in evasion of host immune responses. The IL-10 molecule is a tight dimer of 2 interpenetrating subunits that form a V-shaped structure. Each half of the structure consists of 6 alpha-helices (4 from 1 subunit and 2 from the other). Four of the helices form an up-up-down-down bundle, which is observed in all other helical cytokines. The overall topology resembles interferon-gamma.This entry represents a Interleukin-10 conserved site found at the second of three conserved cysteines. | Short Name: | IL-10_CS |
| DB identifier | Type | Name |
|---|---|---|
| IPR012351 | Domain | Four-helical cytokine, core |
| IPR009079 | Domain | Four-helical cytokine-like, core |
| IPR020443 | Family | Interleukin-10/19/20/24/26 family |
| IPR000098 | Family | Interleukin-10 |
| IPR020421 | Family | Interleukin-19 |
| IPR020442 | Family | Interleukin-20 |
| IPR020444 | Family | Interleukin-24 |
| IPR020453 | Family | Interleukin-22 |
