Protein Domain : IPR010961

Type:  Domain Name:  Tetrapyrrole biosynthesis, 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase
Description:  Tetrapyrroles are large macrocyclic compounds derived from a common biosynthetic pathway []. The end-product, uroporphyrinogen III, is used to synthesise a number of important molecules, including vitamin B12, haem, sirohaem, chlorophyll, coenzyme F430 and phytochromobilin [].The first stage in tetrapyrrole synthesis is the synthesis of 5-aminoaevulinic acid ALA via two possible routes: (1) condensation of succinyl CoA and glycine (C4 pathway) using ALA synthase (), or (2) decarboxylation of glutamate (C5 pathway) via three different enzymes, glutamyl-tRNA synthetase () to charge a tRNA with glutamate, glutamyl-tRNA reductase () to reduce glutamyl-tRNA to glutamate-1-semialdehyde (GSA), and GSA aminotransferase () to catalyse a transamination reaction to produce ALA.The second stage is to convert ALA to uroporphyrinogen III, the first macrocyclic tetrapyrrolic structure in the pathway. This is achieved by the action of three enzymes in one common pathway: porphobilinogen (PBG) synthase (or ALA dehydratase, ) to condense two ALA molecules to generate porphobilinogen; hydroxymethylbilane synthase (or PBG deaminase, ) to polymerise four PBG molecules into preuroporphyrinogen (tetrapyrrole structure); and uroporphyrinogen III synthase () to link two pyrrole units together (rings A and D) to yield uroporphyrinogen III.Uroporphyrinogen III is the first branch point of the pathway. To synthesise cobalamin (vitamin B12), sirohaem, and coenzyme F430, uroporphyrinogen III needs to be converted into precorrin-2 by the action of uroporphyrinogen III methyltransferase (). To synthesise haem and chlorophyll, uroporphyrinogen III needs to be decarboxylated into coproporphyrinogen III by the action of uroporphyrinogen III decarboxylase () [].This entry represents 5-aminoaevulinic acid (ALA) synthase (), which catalyses the first stage of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis by the C4 pathway, namely the condensation of succinyl CoA and glycine. ALA synthase is a pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent enzyme. During catalysis, glycine initially binds to the enzyme cofactor, and after condensation with succinyl CoA, CoA, carbon dioxide and 5-aminolevulinic acid are produced []. Short Name:  4pyrrol_synth_NH2levulA_synth
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0 Child Features

2 Contains

DB identifier Type Name
IPR015421 Domain Pyridoxal phosphate-dependent transferase, major region, subdomain 1
IPR001917 Binding_site Aminotransferase, class-II, pyridoxal-phosphate binding site

1 Cross References

Identifier
TIGR01821

0 Found In

3 GO Annotations

GO Term Gene Name
GO:0003870 IPR010961
GO:0030170 IPR010961
GO:0033014 IPR010961

3 Ontology Annotations

GO Term Gene Name
GO:0003870 IPR010961
GO:0030170 IPR010961
GO:0033014 IPR010961

1 Parent Features

DB identifier Type Name
IPR004839 Domain Aminotransferase, class I/classII

2 Proteins

DB identifier UniProt Accession Secondary Identifier Organism Name Length
Brdisv1pangenome1007978m.p PAC:33640929 Brachypodium distachyon Pangenome 267  
Brdisv1BdTR11A1043158m.p PAC:35691752 Brachypodium distachyon BdTR11a 415  

3 Publications

First Author Title Year Journal Volume Pages PubMed ID
            11215515
            17227226
            16564539