| Type: | Domain | Name: | JmjC domain |
| Description: | The JmjN and JmjC domains are two non-adjacent domains which have been identified in the jumonji family of transcription factors. Although it wasoriginally suggested that the JmjN and JmjC domains always co-occur and might form a single functional unit within the folded protein, the JmjC domain waslatter found without the JmjN domain in organisms from bacteria to human [, ].Proteins containing JmjC domain are predicted to be metalloenzymes that adopt the cupin fold and are candidates for enzymes that regulate chromatin remodelling []. The cupin fold is a flattened beta-barrel structure containing two sheets of five antiparallel beta strands that form the walls of a zinc-binding cleft. Based on the crystal structureof JmjC domain containing protein FIH and JHDM3A/JMJD2A, the JmjC domain forms an enzymatically active pocket that coordinates Fe(III) and alphaKG. Three amino-acid residues within the JmjC domain bind to the Fe(II) cofactor and two additional residues bind to alphaKG []. JmjC domains were identified in numerous eukaryotic proteins containing domains typical of transcription factors, such as PHD, C2H2, ARID/BRIGHT and zinc fingers [, ]. The JmjC has been shown to function in a histone demethylation mechanism that is conserved from yeast to human []. JmjC domain proteins may be protein hydroxylases that catalyse a novel histone modification []. The human JmjC protein named Tyw5p unexpectedly acts in the biosynthesis of a hypermodified nucleoside, hydroxy-wybutosine, in tRNA-Phe by catalysing hydroxylation []. | Short Name: | JmjC_dom |
