3 Ontology Annotations
| GO Term | Gene Name |
|---|---|
| GO:0005245 | IPR005449 |
| GO:0070588 | IPR005449 |
| GO:0005891 | IPR005449 |
1 Parent Features
| DB identifier | Type | Name |
|---|---|---|
| IPR002077 | Family | Voltage-dependent calcium channel, alpha-1 subunit |
| Type: | Family | Name: | Voltage-dependent calcium channel, R-type, alpha-1 subunit |
| Description: | Ca2+ ions are unique in that they not only carry charge but they are also the most widely used of diffusible second messengers. Voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCC) are a family of molecules that allow cells to couple electrical activity to intracellular Ca2+ signalling. The opening and closing of these channels by depolarizing stimuli, such as action potentials, allows Ca2+ ions to enter neurons down a steep electrochemical gradient, producing transient intracellular Ca2+ signals. Many of the processes that occur in neurons, including transmitter release, gene transcription and metabolism are controlled by Ca2+ influx occurring simultaneously at different cellular locales. The pore is formed by the alpha-1 subunit which incorporates the conduction pore, the voltage sensor and gating apparatus, and the known sites of channel regulation by second messengers, drugs, and toxins []. The activity of this pore is modulated by 4 tightly-coupled subunits: an intracellular beta subunit; a transmembrane gamma subunit; and a disulphide-linked complex of alpha-2 and delta subunits, which are proteolytically cleaved from the same gene product. Properties of the protein including gating voltage-dependence, G protein modulation and kinase susceptibility can be influenced by these subunits.Voltage-gated calcium channels are classified as T, L, N, P, Q and R, and are distinguished by their sensitivity to pharmacological blocks, single-channel conductance kinetics, and voltage-dependence. On the basis of their voltage activation properties, the voltage-gated calcium classes can be further divided into two broad groups: the low (T-type) and high (L, N, P, Q and R-type) threshold-activated channels.The alpha-1 subunit forms the pore for the import of extracellular calcium ions and, though regulated by the other subunits, is primarily responsible for the pharmacological properties of the channel []. It shares sequence characteristics with all voltage-dependent cation channels, and exploits the same 6-helix bundle structural motif - in both sodium and calcium channels, this motif is repeated 4 times within the sequence to give a 24-helix bundle. Within each of these repeats, 5 of the transmembrane (TM) segments (S1, S2, S3, S5, S6) are hydrophobic, while the other (S4) is positively charged and serves as the voltage-sensor. Several genes encoding alpha-1 subunits have been identified and can be divided into three functionally distinct families based on sequence homology - Cav1, Cav2 and Cav3 []. The Cav1 family forms channels mediating L-type calcium currents, the Cav2 family mediates P/Q-, N-, and R-type calcium currents, while the Cav3 family mediates T-type calcium currents.R-type calcium channels are composed of alpha-1E subunits and are found in a variety of neuronal populations, such as cerebellar granule neurons and dendrites of hippocampal pyrimidal neurons []. They are believed to play an important role in the body's natural communication network, where they contribute to the regulation of brain function by synaptic integration []. Their hypolarised inactivation range and rapid kinetics of inactivation make R-type channels more suited to providing a transient surge of Ca2+ influx []. | Short Name: | VDCC_R_a1su |
| GO Term | Gene Name |
|---|---|
| GO:0005245 | IPR005449 |
| GO:0070588 | IPR005449 |
| GO:0005891 | IPR005449 |
| DB identifier | Type | Name |
|---|---|---|
| IPR002077 | Family | Voltage-dependent calcium channel, alpha-1 subunit |
