Protein Domain : IPR006311

Type:  Conserved_site Name:  Twin-arginine translocation pathway, signal sequence
Description:  The twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway serves the role of transporting folded proteins across energy-transducing membranes []. Homologues of the genes that encode the transport apparatus occur in archaea, bacteria, chloroplasts, and plant mitochondria []. In bacteria, the Tat pathway catalyses the export of proteins from the cytoplasm across the inner/cytoplasmic membrane. In chloroplasts, the Tat components are found in the thylakoid membrane and direct the import of proteins from the stroma. The Tat pathway acts separately from the general secretory (Sec) pathway, which transports proteins in an unfolded state [].It is generally accepted that the primary role of the Tat system is to translocate fully folded proteins across membranes. An example of proteins that need to be exported in their 3D conformation are redox proteins that have acquired complex multi-atom cofactors in the bacterial cytoplasm (or the chloroplast stroma or mitochondrial matrix). They include hydrogenases, formate dehydrogenases, nitrate reductases, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) reductases and dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) reductases [, ]. The Tat system can also export whole heteroligomeric complexes in which some proteins have no Tat signal. This is the case of the DMSO reductase or formate dehydrogenase complexes. But there are also other cases where the physiological rationale for targeting a protein to the Tat signal is less obvious. Indeed, there are examples of homologous proteins that are in some cases targeted to the Tat pathway and in other cases to the Sec apparatus. Some examples are: copper nitrite reductases, flavin domains of flavocytochrome c and N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidases [].In halophilic archaea such as Halobacterium almost all secreted proteins appear to be Tat targeted. It has been proposed to be a response to the difficulties these organisms would otherwise face in successfully folding proteins extracellularly at high ionic strength [].The Tat signal peptide consists of three motifs: the positively charged N-terminal motif, the hydrophobic region and the C-terminal region that generally ends with a consensus short motif (A-x-A) specifying cleavage by signal peptidase. Sequence analysis revealed that signal peptides capable of targeting the Tat protein contain the consensus sequence [ST]-R-R-x-F-L-K. The nearly invariant twin-arginine gave rise to the pathway's name. In addition the h-region of Tat signal peptides is typically less hydrophobic than that of Sec-specific signal peptides [, ]. Short Name:  TAT_signal
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0 Child Features

0 Contains

1 Cross References

Identifier
PS51318

23 Found Ins

DB identifier Type Name
IPR006317 Domain Ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase, iron-sulphur subunit
IPR008557 Family Protein of unknown function DUF839
IPR001287 Family Nitrite reductase, copper-type
IPR006376 Family Copper-resistance protein CopA
IPR019470 Domain Ubiquitinol-cytochrome C reductase, Fe-S subunit, TAT signal
IPR006443 Family Formate dehydrogenase-N, alpha subunit
IPR022388 Family Conserved hypothetical protein CHP03808
IPR011888 Family Anaerobic dimethyl sulphoxide reductase, subunit A, DmsA/YnfE
IPR017840 Family DMSO reductase family, type II, molybdopterin subunit
IPR010051 Family Periplasmic nitrate reductase, large subunit
IPR016008 Family Amine dehydrogenase light chain
IPR004229 Family Methylamine dehydrogenase light chain
IPR016568 Family Sulphur oxidation, SoxY
IPR004494 Family MauM/NapG ferredoxin-type protein
IPR014177 Family Putative formate dehydrogenase, TAT signal-containing
IPR012368 Family Oxidoreductase molybdopterin-binding subunit, IorB-related
IPR012367 Family Uncharacterised conserved protein thioesterase
IPR017767 Family Bacterial phospholipase C, phosphocholine-specific
IPR017567 Family Cytochrome c nitrite reductase, Fe-S protein
IPR008311 Family Uncharacterised conserved protein UCP028101
IPR001821 Family [NiFe]-hydrogenase, small subunit
IPR011447 Family Protein of unknown function DUF1552
IPR006313 Family Deferrochelatase/peroxidase EfeB

0 GO Annotation

0 Ontology Annotations

0 Parent Features

3256 Proteins

DB identifier UniProt Accession Secondary Identifier Organism Name Length
122401 D8SQ81 PAC:15420453 Selaginella moellendorffii 165  
448491 D8T7Q0 PAC:15406084 Selaginella moellendorffii 290  
428653 D8T3K6 PAC:15415571 Selaginella moellendorffii 500  
31301.m000016 B9TJD2 PAC:16824936 Ricinus communis 289  
31556.m000022 B9TFL7 PAC:16825091 Ricinus communis 271  
31921.m000016 PAC:16825234 Ricinus communis 258  
33297.m000042 B9TEW6 PAC:16825766 Ricinus communis 222  
33549.m000044 B9TFD9 PAC:16825901 Ricinus communis 244  
47913.m000024 PAC:16828038 Ricinus communis 90  
54160.m000014 B9TM73 PAC:16828688 Ricinus communis 298  
56615.m000026 B9TQK6 PAC:16828949 Ricinus communis 85  
56747.m000024 B9TLJ2 PAC:16828963 Ricinus communis 158  
58916.m000021 B9TNA8 PAC:16829199 Ricinus communis 138  
28991.m000039 B9TC89 PAC:16802115 Ricinus communis 166  
29087.m000031 B9TCF8 PAC:16802259 Ricinus communis 135  
27530.m000104 B9T8S7 PAC:16798622 Ricinus communis 734  
29682.m000572 B9SRA3 PAC:16805664 Ricinus communis 369  
27478.m000092 B9T8J6 PAC:16798482 Ricinus communis 485  
28944.m000057 B9TA58 PAC:16802009 Ricinus communis 317  
29236.m000045 B9T9X0 PAC:16802539 Ricinus communis 446  
Cucsa.084470.1 A0A0A0KAH6 PAC:16956537 Cucumis sativus 285  
Cucsa.084470.2 PAC:16956538 Cucumis sativus 247  
AT2G36670.2 Q0WQ50 PAC:19641202 Arabidopsis thaliana 507  
AT2G36670.1 F4INZ4 PAC:19641201 Arabidopsis thaliana 512  
Thhalv10017479m V4MHI0 PAC:20180336 Eutrema salsugineum 92  
Thhalv10017477m V4M6V7 PAC:20180335 Eutrema salsugineum 93  
Thhalv10014223m V4N867 PAC:20205174 Eutrema salsugineum 299  
Thhalv10008901m V4KYX7 PAC:20188409 Eutrema salsugineum 175  
Thhalv10004703m V4KNW0 PAC:20199526 Eutrema salsugineum 294  
Ciclev10016927m V4UE58 PAC:20818007 Citrus clementina 175  

7 Publications

First Author Title Year Journal Volume Pages PubMed ID
            16322447
            12029389
            16092521
            16756481
            15546663
            15802249
            12427925