| Type: | Domain | Name: | Peptide methionine sulphoxide reductase MsrA |
| Description: | Peptide methionine sulphoxide reductase (Msr) reverses the inactivation of many proteins due to the oxidation of critical methionine residues by reducing methionine sulphoxide, Met(O), to methionine []. It is present in most living organisms, and the cognate structural gene belongs to the so-called minimum gene set [, ].The domains: MsrA and MsrB, reduce different epimeric forms of methionine sulphoxide. This group represent MsrA, the crystal structure of which has been determined in a number of organisms. In Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the MsrA structure has been determined to 1.5 Angstrom resolution []. In contrast to the three catalytic cysteine residues found in previously characterised MsrA structures, M. tuberculosis MsrA represents a class containing only two functional cysteine residues. The overall structure shows no resemblance to the structures of MsrB () from other organisms; though the active sites show approximate mirror symmetry. In each case, conserved amino acid motifs mediate the stereo-specific recognition and reduction of the substrate. In a number of pathogenic bacteria including Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the MsrA and MsrB domains are fused; the MsrA being N-terminal to MsrB. This arrangement is reversed in Treponema pallidum. In N. gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidisa thioredoxin domain is fused to the N terminus. This may function to reduce the active sites of the downstream MsrA and MsrB domains. | Short Name: | Met_Sox_Rdtase_MsrA |
