| Type: | Family | Name: | Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, class 2 |
| Description: | This entry represents the enzyme protein dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (also called quinone) exclusively for class 2. It includes members from bacteria, yeast, plants etc. The subfamilies 1 and 2 share extensive homology, particularly toward the C terminus. This subfamily has a longer N-terminal region. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHOD), also known as dihydroorotate oxidase, catalyses the fourth step in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, the stereospecific oxidation of (S)-dihydroorotate to orotate, which is the only redox reaction in this pathway. DHODs can be divided into two mains classes: class 1 cytosolic enzymes found primarily in Gram-positive bacteria, and class 2 membrane-associated enzymes found primarily in eukaryotic mitochondria and Gram-negative bacteria [].The class 1 DHODs can be further divided into subclasses 1A and 1B, which differ in their structural organisation and use of electron acceptors. The 1A enzyme is a homodimer of two PyrD subunits where each subunit forms a TIM barrel fold with a bound FMN cofactor located near the top of the barrel []. Fumarate is the natural electron acceptor for this enzyme. The 1B enzyme, in contrast is a heterotetramer composed of a central, FMN-containing, PyrD homodimer resembling the 1A homodimer, and two additional PyrK subunits which contain FAD and a 2Fe-2S cluster []. These additional groups allow the enzyme to use NAD(+) as its natural electron acceptor.The class 2 membrane-associated enzymes are monomers which have the FMN-containing TIM barrel domain found in the class 1 PyrD subunit, and an additional N-terminal alpha helical domain [, ]. These enzymes use respiratory quinones as the physiological electron acceptor. | Short Name: | Dihydroorotate_DH_2 |
| DB identifier | Type | Name |
|---|---|---|
| IPR001295 | Conserved_site | Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, conserved site |
| GO Term | Gene Name |
|---|---|
| GO:0004152 | IPR005719 |
| GO:0006207 | IPR005719 |
| GO:0055114 | IPR005719 |
| GO:0016020 | IPR005719 |
| GO Term | Gene Name |
|---|---|
| GO:0004152 | IPR005719 |
| GO:0006207 | IPR005719 |
| GO:0055114 | IPR005719 |
| GO:0016020 | IPR005719 |
