| Type: | Conserved_site | Name: | Bacterial microcompartments protein, conserved site |
| Description: | This domain is found in a variety of polyhedral organelle shell proteins, including CsoS1A, CsoS1B and CsoS1C of Thiobacillus neapolitanus(Halothiobacillus neapolitanus) and their orthologs from other bacteria. Some autotrophic and non-autotrophic organisms form polyhedral organelles, carboxysomes/enterosomes []. The best studied is the carboxysome of Halothiobacillus neapolitanus, which is composed of at least 9 proteins: six shell proteins, CsoS1A, CsoS1B, CsoS1C, Cso2A, Cso2B and CsoS3 (carbonic anhydrase) [], one protein of unknown function and the large and small subunits of RuBisCo (CbbL and Cbbs). Carboxysomes appear to be approximately 120 nm in diameter, most often observed as regular hexagons, with a solid interior bounded by a unilamellar protein shell. The interior is filled with type I RuBisCo, which is composed of 8 large subunits and 8 small subunits; it accounts for 60% of the carboxysomal protein, which amounts to approximately 300 molecules of enzyme per carboxysome. Carboxysomes are required for autotrophic growth at low CO2concentrations and are thought to function as part of a CO2-concentrating mechanism [, ].Polyhedral organelles, enterosomes, from non-autotrophic organisms are involved in coenzyme B12-dependent 1,2-propanediol utilisation (e.g., in Salmonella enterica[]) and ethanolamine utilisation (e.g., inSalmonella typhimurium[]). Genes needed for enterosome formation are located in the 1,2-propanediol utilisation pdu[, ] or ethanolamine utilisation eut[, ] operons, respectively. Although enterosomes of non-autotrophic organisms are apparently related tocarboxysomes structurally, a functional relationship is uncertain. A role in CO2concentration, similar to that of the carboxysome, is unlikely since there is no known association between CO2and coenzyme B12-dependent 1,2-propanediol or ethanolamine utilisation []. It seems probable that entrosomes help protect the cells from reactive aldehyde species in the degradation pathways of 1,2-propanediol and ethanolamine [].This entry represents a conserved region at the N-terminal. | Short Name: | Bact_microcomp_CS |
