Protein Domain : IPR012144

Type:  Family Name:  Nitric-oxide synthase, eukaryote
Description:  Nitric oxide synthase () (NOS) enzymes produce nitric oxide (NO) by catalyzing a five-electron oxidation of a guanidino nitrogen of L-arginine (L-Arg). Oxidation of L-Arg to L-citrulline occurs via two successive monooxygenation reactions producing N(omega)-hydroxy-L-arginine as an intermediate. 2 mol of O(2) and 1.5 mol of NADPH are consumed per mole of NO formed [].Arginine-derived NO synthesis has been identified in mammals, fish, birds, invertebrates, plants, and bacteria []. Best studied are mammals, where three distinct genes encode NOS isozymes: neuronal (nNOS or NOS-1), cytokine-inducible (iNOS or NOS-2) and endothelial (eNOS or NOS-3) []. iNOS and nNOS are soluble and found predominantly in the cytosol, while eNOS is membrane associated. The enzymes exist as homodimers, each monomer consisting of two major domains: an N-terminal oxygenase domain, which belongs to the class of haem-thiolate proteins, and a C-terminal reductase domain, which is homologous to NADPH:P450 reductase (). The interdomain linker between the oxygenase and reductase domains contains a calmodulin (CaM)-binding sequence. NOSs are the only enzymes known to simultaneously require five bound cofactors animal NOS isozymes are catalytically self-sufficient. The electron flow in the NO synthase reaction is: NADPH -->FAD -->FMN -->haem -->O(2).eNOS localisation to endothelial membranes is mediated by cotranslational N-terminal myristoylation and post-translational palmitoylation []. The subcellular localisation of nNOS in skeletal muscle is mediated by anchoring of nNOS to dystrophin. nNOS contains an additional N-terminal domain, the PDZ domain [].This entry represents all forms of NOS from eukaryotes. For further information see [, , , ]. Short Name:  NOS_euk
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0 Child Features

2 Contains

DB identifier Type Name
IPR003097 Domain FAD-binding, type 1
IPR004030 Domain Nitric oxide synthase, N-terminal

1 Cross References

Identifier
PIRSF000333

0 Found In

8 GO Annotations

GO Term Gene Name
GO:0004517 IPR012144
GO:0005506 IPR012144
GO:0005516 IPR012144
GO:0010181 IPR012144
GO:0020037 IPR012144
GO:0050660 IPR012144
GO:0050661 IPR012144
GO:0006809 IPR012144

8 Ontology Annotations

GO Term Gene Name
GO:0004517 IPR012144
GO:0005506 IPR012144
GO:0005516 IPR012144
GO:0010181 IPR012144
GO:0020037 IPR012144
GO:0050660 IPR012144
GO:0050661 IPR012144
GO:0006809 IPR012144

0 Parent Features

0 Proteins

8 Publications

First Author Title Year Journal Volume Pages PubMed ID
            8782597
            7510950
            9199168
            7535955
            10331866
            11695891
            10409685
            15208315